Although Japan continues to be the United State’s top beef market, according to the USTR, “U.S. exports of beef and beef products to Japan currently face a competitive disadvantage. Major U.S. competitors in the Japanese market, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand receive preferential market access treatment under CP-TPP. The U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement is necessary for U.S. exports of beef and beef products to remain competitive… The United States will obtain market access conditions equal to CP-TPP countries, with tariffs for fresh, chilled, and frozen beef reduced from 38.5 percent to 9 percent in 15 years. Additionally, Japan will eliminate tariffs on processed beef products, including beef jerky and meat extracts, which are as high as 50 percent, in 5 to 15 years.”